lj=;+=
!#!) b]lv lj=;+= @)$% ;fn;Dd uPsf e"sDkx?
lj=;+= !#!) sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !#!) ;fnsf] cfiff9
z'Sn t[ltof ltly ;f]daf/sf lbg /fhf ceo dNnsf] kfnf]df sf7df8f}+df
sl/j &=& /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . of] e"sDk
xfn;Dd g]kfndf /]s8{ ePsf e"sDkdWo] klxnf] xf] . o; e"sDkaf6
w]/} 3/, dlGb/x? g/fd|f];“u Ifltu|:t ePsf lyP . o;af6 /fhkl/jf/
;lxt sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] sl/j Ps–ltxfO{ hgtf k|efljt ePsf
lyP . o; e"sDkdf :jo+ /fhf ceo dNnsf] ;d]t lgwg ePsf] lyof]
/ pQ/flwsf/L hob]j dNn /fhf ePsf lyP . To;a]nf sl/j !% lbg;Dd
hldg xNnL/x]sf] syg 5 . o; sf/0fn] ubf{ /fhkl/jf/ / ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtf sl/j ! dlxgf;Dd zx/ aflx/ a:g afWo ePsf lyP .
lj=;+= !#!^ sf] e"sDk
of] bf]>f] 7"nf]
/]s8{ ul/Psf] e"sDk xf] . o;n] ubf{ ckf/ hgwgsf] Iflt eO{
clgsfn klg k/]sf] lyof] . of] e"sDk /fhf ho b]jsf] kfnfdf
uPsf] lyof] . o:tf e"sDk /fhf hob]jsf] kfnfdf k6s k6s uPsf]
lyof] . k6s k6s uPsf o:tf e"sDkaf6 g]kfndf clgsfn k/]sf]
syg 5 .
lj=;+= !$^$ sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !$^$ sf] efb| z'Sn
åfbzLsf] lbg /fhf Zofd l;+xsf] kfnfdf uPsf] e"sDkaf6
7"nf] ;+Vofdf hgwgsf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] . h;df 7"nf]
;+Vofdf kz'x?sf] klg Hofg uPsf] lyof] . of] e"sDkn] hldgdf
7"nf 7"nf efu kmf6\g uof] . o;n] w]/} 3/x?, dlGb/x?sf]
-/ftf] dlR5Gb| gfysf] dlGb/ ;lxt_ Iflt eof] .
lj=;+= !&#& sf]
e"sDk
lj=;+= !&#& sf]
kf}if s[i0f ci6dLsf lbg /ftsf] ;dodf uPsf] o; e"sDkaf6 ckf/
hgwgsf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] .
lj=;+= !&#* sf] e"sDk
/fhf >Llgjf; dNnsf]
/fHosfndf lj=;+= !&#* ;fn h]i7 z'Sn ;KtdLsf lbg /ftsf] ;dodf
7"nf] e'O{+rfnf] uof] h;af6 w]/} 3/ eTs]sf lyP .
lj=;+= !*@$ sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !*@$ cfiff9 ! sf
lbg @$ 306fdf @! k6s e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . o;sf] vf; hgwgsf]
Ifltsf] clen]v /flvPsf] kfOPg . t/ w]/} k6s e"sDk uPsf] sf/0faf6
cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 ls of] klg 7"nf] e"sDk x'g'kb{5 .
lj=;+= !*^^ sf] e"sDk
/fhf uLjf{0f o'4 laqmd
zfxsf] kfnfdf lj=;+= !*^& h]i7 !) bzx/fsf lbg e"sDk uPsf]
lyof] . ;f] e"sDksf] @! k6s wSsf dxz'; ul/Psf] lyof] . o;df
hgwgsf] Iflt w]/} ePsf] lyPg . t/ w]/} 3/ tyf dlGb/x?sf] Iflt
ePsf] lyof] .
lj=;+= !**) sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !**) od k~rdLsf
lbg nueu !& k6s e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . Hof]ltlifx?n] To;a]nf
;ft u|x Ps} /fzLdf a;]sf] sf/0fn] s'g} s8f clgi6sf] z+sf u/]sf
lyP . t/ oL u|xx? 5'l§;s]kl5 ;f] e"sDk uPsf] eGg] clen]v
kfOPsf] 5 . o; e"sDkaf6 hgwgsf] gf]S;fg sd ePsf] lyof] .
To;sf] s]xL dlxgfkl5 ;?jf /f]usf] dxfdf/L rn]sf] lyof] .
lj=;+= !*() sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !*() efb| !@ ut]
;f]daf/sf lbg ;f“em ^ ah] $) ;]s]08 nfdf] e"sDk uof]
. To;kl5 km]l/ /flt !! ah] 7"nf] e"sDksf] wSsf dx;";
ul/of] / tTkZrft\ /fte/L g} s/La @# k6s;Dd e"sDksf wSsfx?
dx;"; ul/P . o;/L g} s]xL lbg;Dd k|lt lbg $) b]lv %) k6s;Dd
e"sDk uO/x\of] . o;af6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf zx/x? k|efljt eP
. h;sf] sf/0f /fhfb]lv hgtf;Dd 3/af6 aflx/ lg:sL v'Nnf 7fp“df
a:g afWo eP . /fhkl/jf/x? xg'dfg 9f]sfleqsf] e08f/vfndf a;] eg]
c? hgtfn] rf/}lt/sf v'Nnf 7fp“df /ft latfP . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq
klg eQmk'/ / l7dL a9L dfqfdf k|efljt x'g k'u] . o; e"sDkaf6
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;lxt ;f“v', ag]kfsf cltl/Qm pQ/df s'tL,
k"j{df ljhok'/, blIf0fdf dsjfgk'/ / klZrddf uf]/vf;Dd g/fd|f];“u
k|efljt eof] .
o;sf] #% aif{ cl3 >L
% /0f axfb'/ zfxn] !)) km'6 cUnf] / Psbd nDafO{ rf}8fO{ ePsf]
7"nf] huGgfysf] b]jfno 6'“l8v]nsf] 5]pdf agfPsf lyP
. Tof] o; e"sDkaf6 eTs]/ kftfn eof] . o;/L g} hg/n eLd;]g
yfkfn] cfÎgf] dxn afu b/af/sf] bf“of af“of b'O{j6f
cUnf cUnf w/x/f agfPsf lyP . tL dWo] Pp6f kftfn eof] csf]{sf]
6'Kkf] ef“lrP/ v:of] . o;/L g} hg/n eLd;]g yfkfsf] dxn,
hg/n /0fjL/ l;+x yfkf / hg/n dfyj/l;+x yfkf cflbsf sf7df8f}+sf]
nug6f]ndf /x]sf] dxn klg elTsP .
of] e"sDkaf6 sf7df8f}+
pkTosfsf] tLgj6f zx/x?df $@!$ 3/ eTs]sf lyP . o;/L b]ze/ !*)))
3/ Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . kf6gsf] afns'df/Lsf] dlGb/
eTsL @! lbgkl5 dfq s'df/Lsf] d"lt{ lemlsof] / bz}+df d's'6
/ snz :yfkgf u/L sfd rnfO{, ToxL+ csf]{ d"lt{ km]l/of] .
o;/L g} ;f]xL aif{sf] c;f]h dlxgfsf] !) ut] /flt k'gM w]/} k6s;Dd
e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . o;}a]nf cflZjg z'Ns !% sf lbg vf]nf gfnfx?df
af9L cfO{ v]tdf /x]sf] cGgkft ;d]t aufO{ nUof] . o; af9Ln] rfkfuf“psf]
6Lsf e}/jsf] d"lt{ ;d]t aufP/ nUof] .
lj=;+= !*(! sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !*(! ;fn cfiff9
;'lb % df, efb| PsfbzLsf] !# 38L af“sLdf cflZjg s[i0f ci6dL
/f]h ^ sf lbg, @ c;f]h !@ /f]h @ sf lbg 7"n} e"sDk uof]
. oL e"sDkx?af6 klg w]/} 3/sf] gf]S;fgL eP t/ Ps aif{ cl3
lj=;+= !*() efb| !@ ut] uPsf] e"sDkn] hlt Iflt o;n] k'/\ofPg
. of] e"sDk uPsf] a]nfdf cTolws aiff{ eO/x]sf] lyof] t/ e"sDkkl5
aiff{ aGb eof] . ;f] aiff{sf] sf/0f afUdtL gbLdf cTolws af9L cfO{
3/ v]t aufO{ nu]sf] lyof] . ;fy} afUdtL dflysf] k'nsf] kf/flk6
;d]t elTsof] . sl/a & aif{df eTs]sf] lau|]sf] 3/ dd{t tyf
k'glg{df{0f sfo{ k"/f ePsf] lyof] . lj=;+= !*(^ df >L
% /fh]Gb| laqmd zfxn] kz'klt dlGb/df gof“ ;'gsf] 5fgf nufPsf
lyP . To; avt 3/ agfpg] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? cfkm\g} b]zdf tof/ x'g]
ePsf]n] lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f ug{ w]/} ;do gnfu]sf] tYo clen]vaf6
k'i6L x'G5 .
lj=;+= !(&# sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !(&# df g]kfnsf]
;'b"/ klZrdf~rndf 7"nf] e"sDk ePsf] lyof] eGg]
syg 5 . t/ Ifltsf] clen]v kfOPsf] 5}g .
lj=;+= !(*# sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !(*# sf] df3 dlxgfdf
uPsf] of] e"sDkn] ef/tsf] k6gf / ljxf/nfO{ k|efljt kf/]sf]
lyof] . o; e"sDkn] g]kfndf k|efj kf/]sf] clen]v kfOPsf] 5}g
.
lj=;+= !(() sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= !*() sf] dxf–e"sDksf]
7Ls !)) jif{kl5 lj=;+= !(() df of] e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . lj=;+=
!(() ;fnsf] df3 @ ut] lbgsf] @ ah] @$ ldg]6 @@ ;]s]08 hf“bf
g]kfnsf] k"jL{ If]q r}gk'/df s]Gb| laGb' ePsf] ;f] dxf–e"sDksf]
gfk *=$ /]S6/ :s]nsf] lyof] . ;f] dxf–e"sDkn] g]kfndf
k'?if #*%) / dlxnf $^^( u/L hDdf *%!( hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof]
. o; dWo] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf k'?if !(%@ / dlxnf @#$$ u/L hDdf
$@(^ hgfsf] d[To' eof] . o; e"sDkaf6 3/af;, b]jfno / kf6L
kf}jf ;d]t u/L hDdf @,)&,&$) j6f ;+/rgf eTs]sf lyP .
of] e"sDksf] ljifodf
d]h/ hg/n a|Dx zDz]/åf/f lnlvt æg]kfnsf] dxf–e"sDkÆ
lstfadf pNn]v ePsf] 5f]6f] aofg oxf“ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
;f] aofgaf6 To; avtsf] l:ylt xfdLn] cg'dfg nufpg ;S5f}+ .
æxf];\–xjf;
x/fPsf] b'O{ ldg]6kl5 cf“vf vf]n]/ x]bf{ rf/}lt/ k|nosf]
b[Zo, k|nosf] sf]Nxfxn :j/n] lrRofpg / s/fpg nfu]sf] b]lvof],
;'lgof] . dflg;sf] tf s] s'/f] dflg;sf z/0fdf k/]sf r/fr'?+uLx?
klg Rof“–Rof“ / r"+–r"+ u/]/
cfsfzdf s/fpg nfu]sf lyP . d";f] h:tf] 5l/tf] hGt'n] klg
efUg] df}sf kfPg, hxf“sf] txL+ lylrP/ dg'{ k/\of] .
5f]/fsf] ;a} z/L/ lslrO/x]5,
d'v kSs–kSs afPsf] O“6sf cGt/af6 cln–cln b]lvG5,
cf====df==== eg]sf] dnLg cfjfh cln–cln ;'lgG5, O“6
sf7 kG5\ofP/ 5f]/f] lemSg] d2t k'Ub}g. o:tf] cj:yfdf To; ceflugL
cfdfsf] t:jL/ lvRg' xf];\ . hxfgdf !! hgf lyP, ;a} lslrP/ d/],
Pp6f kf“r aif{sf] afns af“Rof] . of] 6'x'/f]sf] ;Demgf
ug'{xf];\ . ljjfx u/]sf] aif{ lbg ePsf] 5}g !% aif{sL afx'gL ljwjf
eO{, o;n] 5flt lk6L–lk6L /f]Psf] s?0fqmGbgsf] ljrf/ ug'{xf];\
. hxfgdf s;}sf] 6fpsf] km'6]sf] 5, s;}sf] xft ef“lrPsf]
5, s'g} a]kQf 5g\, s;}nfO{ vf];|]/ lemQm} 5g\, s;}nfO{ kf]Ng nlu;s]
. 3\ofDkf] km'6\of], cGgsf] u]8f 5}g . 3/df d'bf{ nl8/x]5, sfqf]
lsGg hfg] k;n 5}g, bfp/f lsGg] k};f 5}g . 3/ eTs]sf sf7kftn] d'bf{
kf]lnP . afa' d/\of], 5f]/f]n] lsl/of ugf{nfO{ skfn vf}/g] 5'/f
kfOPg . k'/f]lxt afh];“u lsl/of u/fpg] k':ts 5}g, 3/n] lslrPsf]
5, cyjf sxf“ 5 kQf] 5}g . lsl/of k'qLn] gof“ wf]tL
gkfP/ k'/fgf] k6'sf km]/]/ lsl/of a:g' k/\of] . ;f/f zx/ eTSof],
k;n eTs], s]xL lsGg kfO{+b}g . /ft k/\of], df3] em/L kg]{ 8/ 5,
cf]t 5}g .
nf; hnfpgfnfO{ bfp/f gkfp+bf
w]/}n] eTs]sf 3/sf] sf7n] hnfP . ;a} 3f6x?df 7]n+7]nf eof] . d'bf{sf]
;b\ut ug{ g;Sg]x?n] 3f6df d'bf{x? To;} km\ofSg yfn], ufO{j:t'sf]
t s'/} 5f8\g' .Æ
lj=;+= @)@# sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= @)@# ;fn c;f/ !#
ut] ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn If]qdf e"sDk uPsf] lyof] . o; e"sDkaf6
@$ hgfsf] d[To' x'g'sf ;fy} !# ;oeGbf a9L 3/x?sf] k"0f{ Iflt
ePsf] lyof] . o;af6 bfr'{nf, a}t8L, aemfË lhNnfx?nfO{ a9L
k|efljt kf/]sf] lyof] .
lj=;+= @)#& sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= @)#& ;fn >fj0f
!$ aemfË lhNnfdf ePsf] e"sDkaf6 !^ lhNnfdf u/L !)# hgfsf]
d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ;f] e"sDkn] @%)) eGbf a9L 3/x?nfO{ Iflt
k'/\ofPsf] lyof] . o; e"sDksf] dfk ^=$ /]S6/ :s]nsf] lyof]
. o; If]qdf uPsf] of] e"sDk s/Lj ^$ aif{ kl5sf] 7"nf]
e"sDk dflgG5 . o:t} lj=;+= @)## ;fndf klg To; If]qdf e"sDk
uPsf] lyof] elgG5 . ;f]sf] clen]v k|fKt ePsf] 5}g .
lj=;+= @)$% sf] e"sDk
lj=;+= @)$% ;fn efb| %
ut] ljxfg $ ah]/ %$ ldg]6 #% ;]s]08df g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efu
pbok'/ lhNnfdf s]Gb| ljGb' ePsf] ^=^ /]S6/ :s]nsf] Ps e"sDk
uPsf] lyof] . ;f] e"sDk ljut %% aif{ kl5sf] 7"nf] e"sDk
lyof] . pQm e"sDkdf $) ;]s]08;Dd wSsf dx;'; ul/Psf] lyof]
. ;f] e"sDkaf6 &@! hgfsf] d[To' / sl/a ^%,))) a9L 3/nfO{
Iflt k'/\ofPsf] lyof] . o; e"sDkn] vf;u/L k"jL{ g]kfnsf]
w/fgnfO{ a9L c;/ k'/\ofPsf] lyof] .
